"In this report, Sharif Akram draws on interviews with teachers, parents, and learners in Loya Paktia and conservative areas of the southeast and central Afghanistan to explore whether radio-based education can bridge the gap to enable girls to learn. He explores both the opportunities and limits of this approach, finding it reshaping attitudes towards education for girls in conservative communities, but also asking whether it can sustain learning at scale. In the face of the Islamic Emirate’s ban on secondary school education for girls, he asks: Can education by radio ever be a substitute for regular schooling?"