"This study seeks to map air pollution, water contamination, rubbish (ie, solid waste) and noise together, providing an integrated picture that also highlights household coping strategies and systemic governance failures. It takes each type of pollution in turn, describing its extent, mapping it where possible, determining whether and how it is being monitored and what governmental responses – if any – have been taken. It also suggests actions that could mitigate harms that, at the moment, are undermining the health and wellbeing of millions of Afghans and costing the national economy."