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Court decisions and opinions

Rio Negro I

1998

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Type of Crime: Murder
Accused: Carlos Chen, Pedro Gonzalez Gomez, Fermin Lajuj Xitumul
Place of Origin: Baja Verapaz, Guatemala
Date: November 30, 1998
The case involves the massacre of more than 140 people, including women and children, in the village of Rio Negro, Rabinal, during the internal armed conflict in Guatemala. The defendants CARLOS CHEN, PEDRO GONZALEZ GOMEZ, and FERMIN LAJUJ XITUMAL were tried and convicted for their participation in these heinous crimes. Specifically, they led a group of Patrols of Civil Self-Defense (PAC), who were armed and uniformed as being part of the National Army of Guatemala, to the village Xococ in the municipality of Rabinal of the department of Baja Verapaz. On March 13, 1982, they arrived at the town of Rio Negro and called a meeting of the women of the village. They proceeded to burn houses and kill the women and children by hanging them, shooting them, and cutting them with machetes. Some people who tried to escape were pursued and also massacred. All the corpses were then buried in common graves. In total, 143 people were killed, among them Margarita Chen, Maria Julia Chen Osorio, Cleotilde Osorio Chen, Jaime Tecu Osorio, Juana Osorio, Mateo Perez Siana, Estefanía Perez Vargas, Gregoria Perez Vargas and Demetria Osorio Lajuj. Pedro Gonzalez Gómez refrained from killing a 10-year-old boy and took him as a worker on his land for approximately five years. The defendants committed similar acts on September 14, 1982, in the village Agua Fria of Chicaman el Quiche, allegedly killing around 55 people. The court unanimously found that the state of Guatemala had failed in its legal obligation to protect the life, liberty, justice, and security of the people. The court recognized that the Patrols of Civil Self-Defense (PAC), created through law 19-86, were intended to defend the country against the insurgents (guerrillas). However, in this case, the Xococ civil patrol abused their authority, operating by its own rules. The Public Ministry managed to identify the following victims through the work of archaeologists and forensic anthropologists: Martha Julia Chen Osorio, Margarita Chen Uscap, and Demetria Osorio Lajuj. In addition, the defendants were recognized by survivors of the massacres, some of them for having been forced to work for the defendants, as was the case of Jesus Teco Osorio. The court thus convicted the defendants of the murders committed in the municipality of Rabinal. However, in regard to the massacre in the village of Agua Fria, the court acquitted the defendants, even though the anthropologists were able to determine the death of at least 14 people, because there was not enough proof to establish their guilt in that massacre. In conclusion, the defendants were sentenced to death for the acts committed in Rio Negro, as they were committed with malice, treachery, contempt, premeditation, and organized gang by taking more than forty armed men to kill these victims.
Tipo de delito: Asesinato
Acusados: Carlos Chen, Pedro González Gómez, Fermín Lajuj Xitumul
Lugar de origen: Baja Verapaz, Guatemala
Fecha: 30 de noviembre de 1998
El caso involucra la masacre de más de 140 personas, incluyendo mujeres y niños, en la aldea Río Negro, Rabinal, durante el conflicto armado interno de Guatemala. Los acusados fueron juzgados y condenados por su participación en estos crímenes atroces. CARLOS CHEN, PEDRO GONZALEZ GOMEZ y FERMIN LAJUJ XITUMAL, dirigiendo un grupo de patrulleros de la autodefensa civil de la aldea Xococ del municipio de Rabinal del departamento de Baja Verapaz, armados y uniformados como el ejército Nacional de Guatemala llegaron a la aldea de Rio Negro el 13 de marzo de 1982, convocaron a una reunión a las mujeres de la aldea, y procedieron a quemar casas y a dar muerte a las mujeres y niños, ahorcándolos, disparándoles, y cortándolos con machetes. Algunas personas que intentaron escapar, fueron perseguidas y también masacradas. Todos los cadáveres fueron enterrados en fosas comunes. En total dieron muerte a 143 personas, entre las que se encontraban Margarita Chen, Maria Julia Chen Osorio, Cleotilde Osorio Chen, Jaime Tecu Osorio, Juana Osorio, Mateo Perez Siana, Estefanía Perez Vargas, Gregoria Perez Vargas y Demetria Osorio Lajuj. Pedro Gonzalez Gómez se abstuvo de dar muerte a un niño de 10 años, y lo llevó a rebajar como campesino en sus tierras por aproximadamente 5 años. Los acusados cometieron hechos similares el 14 de septiembre de 1982 en el caserío Agua fría del municipio Chicaman el Quiche, dando muerte a alrededor de 55 personas. El tribunal por unanimidad encontró{o que el estado de Guatemala había fallado en su obligación legal de proteger la vida, la libertad, la justicia y la seguridad de las personas. Reconoce el tribunal que las Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC) creadas a través del decreto ley 19-86 tenían como objetivo defender las tierras de los insurgentes (guerrilleros). Sin embargo en este caso la patrulla de Xococ equivocó su propósito juzgando por su propia mano y discreción. El tribunal condenó a los acusados por los asesinatos cometidos en el municipio de Rabinal, ya que el Ministerio Publico logró identificar las siguientes víctimas y sus osamentas a través de arqueólogos y antropólogos forenses: Martha Julia Chen Osorio, Margarita Chen Uscap, y Demetria Osorio Lajuj. Además los acusados fueron reconocidos por sobrevivientes de las masacres, algunos de ellos por haber sido forzados a trabajar para los acusados como es el caso de Jesus Teco Osorio. Sin embargo en cuanto a la masacre en la aldea Agua Fría, el tribunal consideró que no podía llegar a una conclusión de condena ya que a pesar de que los antropólogos lograron determinar la muerte de al menos 14 personas, no fue posible identificarlos plenamente.
Collection
Part of Guatemala Atrocity Sentences
“The Guatemala Atrocity Trials” documents the ground-breaking atrocity trials that occurred in Guatemala’s domestic courts after that country’s thirty-six-year armed conflict (1960-1996). The court records in this archive were collected by Temple Law Professor Rachel López, formerly a fellow of Princeton’s Program in Law and Public Policy, curated by Princeton Librarian David Hollander, and summarized by Guatemalan human rights attorney Astrid Escobedo. We hope that this collection will be an important resource not only to researchers, but also to the Guatemalan people, providing access to historical documents that otherwise would remain hidden away from public view, and if not preserved, gradually vanishing.
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Metadata

Language
Spanish
Geographic Origin
Guatemala
Geographic Subject
Guatemala
Subject
Politics and government
Courts
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