Skip To Content
Princeton University Library
Princeton University Library
Digital Collections
    • English
    • Español
    • Português
    • Log in

Something went wrong!

Hang in there while we get back on track

Court decisions and opinions

1980 Burning of the Spanish Embassy

[Quema a la Embajada de España]

2015

main image display
Look closer
Similar
Copyright Not Evaluated

Files

12 of 430 images
View all images
image 0
image 1
image 2
image 3
image 4
image 5
image 6
image 7
image 8
image 9
image 10
image 11
Type of Crimes: murder (of 37 victims), Attempted murder, Crimes against humanity
Accused: Pedro García Arredondo, former Head of the Sixth Command of the National Police
Place of Origin: Guatemala
Date Decided: January 19, 2015
On January 31, 1980, at approximately 11:30 AM, Pedro García Arredondo—who at that time was the head of the Special Investigations Unit of the Sixth Command of the Guatemalan National Police, a position he held from August 1, 1978, to August 21, 1980—arrived at the Spanish Embassy, which had been occupied by several civilian activists protesting the massacres and other violations of fundamental human rights perpetuated by the Guatemalan Army. García Arredondo led the assault on the Spanish embassy together with Reynaldo Aroldo Paniagua Cordero, the Third Chief and Inspector General of the Branch, and Gonzalo Pérez Vásquez, the First Chief of the First Corps of the National Police. García Arredondo carried out the orders of his superiors—Romeo Lucas García, the President of the Republic of Guatemala; Donaldo Álvarez Ruiz, the Minister of the Interior; and Colonel Germán Chupina Barahona, the Director General of the National Police—who told him that no one should leave the Embassy alive. He prevented the escape of the occupants of the Spanish Embassy, including officials and employees of the Spanish diplomatic mission and other Guatemalan and Spanish citizens, despite requests from Spanish Ambassador Máximo Cajal López and lawyers Eduardo Rafael Cáceres Lenhof (the former Vice President of Guatemala) and Adolfo Molina Orantes (the former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Guatemala) to let them leave. García Arredondo blocked any communication, mediation, or peaceful negotiation by cutting the phone lines and ordering the forceful entry by police forces while people sought refuge in the Ambassador’s office. García Arredondo ordered the police to destroy windows and doors and to drill a hole in the terrace, not intending to save the occupants, but rather to trap them, since they were considered enemies of the state. Upon reaching Ambassador’s office door, a fire broke out. García Arredondo prevented rescue teams from entering, allowing the fire to burn the victims alive. He only allowed rescue teams to extinguish the flames after pleas from bystanders and when there were no signs of life. The actions carried out by García Arredondo and his subordinates resulted in the deaths of 37 people, including Cáceres Lenhof and Molina Orantes, and three survivors, including the Spanish Ambassador Cajal, who was burned by the flames but still denied first aid by the Guatemalan police officials. During the trial, numerous witnesses testified about the events leading up to the Embassy fire and the police actions. The evidence included testimony from survivors and forensic experts, as well as forensic reports and historical records. The court found that Arredondo ordered his subordinates to prevent anyone from escaping the building, effectively ensuring the death of those inside. Additionally, the court reviewed evidence of Arredondo’s involvement in other incidents of enforced disappearances and extrajudicial killings during that same period. He was sentenced to 30 years in prison for homicide, with an additional 10 years for other concurrent crimes, specifically crimes against humanity and attempted murder, and a further 50 years for the intentional shooting deaths of Gustavo Adolfo Hernández González and Jesús Alberto España Valle. In sentencing the defendant, the court underscored the severe impact of his actions on the victims, their families, and the community at large.
Tipo de delitos: asesinato de 37 víctimas, Asesinato en grado de tentativa en concurso real, Delitos contra los deberes de la humanidad en concurso ideal
Acusados: Pedro García Arredondo, ex Jefe del Comando Seis de la Policía Nacional
Lugar de origen: Guatemala
Fecha de la Decisión: 19 de enero de 2015
El día de enero de 1980 aproximadamente a las 11:30 horas, Pedro García Arredondo quien en esa época era el primer Jefe de la sección de Investigaciones Especiales, Comando Seis de la Policía Nacional, cargo que ocupó del 1 de agosto de 1978 al 21 de agosto de 1980 [1]; se presentó en la sede de la Embajada de España, ocupada por varios ciudadanos que denunciaban masacres y violaciones de derechos fundamentales cometidas por el Ejército de Guatemala. Junto con Reynaldo Aroldo Paniagua Cordero, Tercer Jefe e Inspector General del Ramo, y Gonzalo Pérez Vásquez, Primer Jefe del Primer Cuerpo de la Policía Nacional, dirigió el asalto a la embajada. García Arredondo ejecutó órdenes de sus superiores, Romeo Lucas García, Presidente de la República; Donaldo Álvarez Ruiz, Ministro de Gobernación; y el Coronel Germán Chupina Barahona, Director General de la Policía Nacional, quienes le indicaron que nadie debía salir vivo de la embajada. Impidió la salida de los ocupantes, incluyendo funcionarios y empleados de la sede diplomática y otros ciudadanos guatemaltecos y españoles, a pesar de las solicitudes del Embajador Máximo Cajal y de los licenciados Eduardo Rafael Cáceres Lenhof y Adolfo Molina Orantes. Obstaculizó cualquier comunicación, mediación o negociación pacífica, autorizando el corte de las líneas telefónicas y ordenando el ingreso forzoso de las fuerzas policiales, mientras las personas se refugiaban en el despacho del embajador. García Arredondo ordenó la destrucción de ventanas y puertas, y la apertura de un boquete en la terraza con el objetivo de matar a los ocupantes, considerados enemigos internos. Al alcanzar la puerta del despacho del embajador, se inició un incendio que resultó en la muerte de 37 personas. García Arredondo impidió la entrada de los cuerpos de socorro, dejando que el incendio consumiera a las víctimas. Solo después de la insistencia de los presentes y la ausencia de signos de vida, permitió que los cuerpos de socorro extinguieran las llamas. Las acciones ejecutadas por García Arredondo y los agentes bajo su mando produjeron la muerte de 37 personas y solo tres sobrevivientes, incluido el embajador español Cajal, quien ya había sufrido quemaduras en parte de su cuerpo y pese a esto la policía guatemalteca le negó los primeros auxilios [2]. Durante el juicio, numerosos testigos testificaron sobre los eventos previos al incendio de la embajada y las acciones de la policía. Los testimonios incluyeron relatos de sobrevivientes, expertos forenses y registros históricos. Se estableció que Arredondo ordenó a sus subordinados impedir que alguien escapara del edificio, asegurando efectivamente la muerte de los que estaban dentro. Además, el tribunal revisó pruebas de la participación de Arredondo en otros incidentes de desapariciones forzadas y asesinatos durante ese período. Fue condenado a 30 años de prisión por homicidio, 10 años más por otros delitos concurrentes, específicamente delitos contra la humanidad y tentativa de asesinato, y 50 años más por las muertes por disparos intencionales de Gustavo Adolfo Hernández González y Jesús Alberto España Valle [3]. La sentencia se impuso fundamentada en el concurso ideal de delitos. El tribunal enfatizó el grave impacto de sus acciones en las víctimas, sus familias y la comunidad en general.
[1] Página 2 de la Sentencia.
[2] Páginas 2 a 31.
[3] Página 375.
Collection
Part of Guatemala Atrocity Sentences
“The Guatemala Atrocity Trials” documents the ground-breaking atrocity trials that occurred in Guatemala’s domestic courts after that country’s thirty-six-year armed conflict (1960-1996). The court records in this archive were collected by Temple Law Professor Rachel López, formerly a fellow of Princeton’s Program in Law and Public Policy, curated by Princeton Librarian David Hollander, and summarized by Guatemalan human rights attorney Astrid Escobedo. We hope that this collection will be an important resource not only to researchers, but also to the Guatemalan people, providing access to historical documents that otherwise would remain hidden away from public view, and if not preserved, gradually vanishing.
Similar
Copyright Not Evaluated

Metadata

Language
Spanish
Geographic Origin
Guatemala
Geographic Subject
Guatemala
Subject
Politics and government
Courts
View all metadata for this item

Share this item

https://digital-collections.princeton.edu/i/1980-burning-of-the-spanish/item/3c087f63-74ea-498b-ba1f-9c3081e9e586

Similar Items in this Collection

  • Edgar Enrique Sáenz Calito

    Date
    2012
    Format
    Court decisions and opinions
    181 Files
    Save
  • Edgar Leonel Paredes Cheguen

    Date
    2013
    Format
    Court decisions and opinions
    105 Files
    Save
  • Plan de Sanchez

    Date
    2012
    Format
    Court decisions and opinions
    451 Files
    Save
  • Santiago Atitlan Massacre

    Date
    1990
    Format
    Court decisions and opinions
    145 Files
    Save
  • Edgar Fernando García I

    Date
    2012
    Format
    Court decisions and opinions
    93 Files
    Save

Similar Items outside this Collection

  • Actualización del impacto económico del sector creativo en chile

    Date
    2017
    Format
    Reports
    112 Files
    Save
  • Sistematización de la lucha anti-minera en el Salvador

    Date
    2021
    Format
    Reports
    144 Files
    Save
  • Mapeo de las industrias creativas en Chile :caracterización y dimensio...

    Date
    2014
    Format
    Reports
    388 Files
    Save
  • Mapa nacional de la discriminación : 2019

    Date
    2022
    Format
    Reports
    192 Files
    Save
  • Patrimonio coreográfico : el cuerpo que mancha

    Date
    2018
    Format
    Books
    72 Files
    Save

Suggest a correction

Please use this area to report errors, omissions, or problematic language that appear in the description of this collection. Corrections may include misspellings, incorrect or missing dates, misidentified individuals, places, or events, mislabeled folders, misfiled papers, etc.

Sorry, something went wrong. Either the message was blank or there was an error with the form submission. Please try again or email the library directly.

Viewer

Share this image

https://digital-collections.princeton.edu/i/1980-burning-of-the-spanish/item/3c087f63-74ea-498b-ba1f-9c3081e9e586/viewer/4

  • Copyright Policy
  • Privacy Notice
  • Accessibility Help
© 2025 The Trustees of Princeton University
Princeton University Logo