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Court decisions and opinions

Candido Noriega Estrada

1999

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Type of Crimes: Murder, Kidnapping, Rape, Aggravated Robbery, Aggravated Theft, Arson, Threats, Illegal Detention, Simple Assault, and Trespassing
Accused: Candido Noriega Estrada
Place of Origin: Guatemala
Date: November 12, 1999
Candido Noriega Estrada was accused of committing multiple crimes against many people in the Quiche population between 1981 and 1983, when he was a military commissioner and part of Guatemala's civil self-defense forces. The crimes included murder, kidnapping, sexual assaults, aggravated robbery, aggravated theft, arson, terroristic threats, illegal detentions, simple assault, and trespassing. The accused was charged with acts committed in collaboration with the army and self-defense patrols, conducting raids on houses and communities, under the pretext of searching for weapons or individuals with links to the guerrilla, as well as torturing those individuals, beating them to death, mutilating them, among other heinous actions. The court admitted the following into evidence: reconstruction of events, exhumation of victims' remains, and eyewitness testimonies. The court concluded that the inability to establish the exact date of the victims' deaths did not prevent them from determining that a crime had been committed, because of the length of the time passed since the crime (18 years) and the nature of rural people, who have a different perception of time than those in Western culture. The court discredited the defense's theories, which argued that events were the result of a land dispute with the accused. The court dismissed the accused's criminal responsibility for simple assault, trespassing, terroristics threats, aggravated theft, and illegal detentions due to the statute of limitations. It acquitted Noriega Estrada of the crimes of rape, arson, kidnapping, and aggravated robbery. He was also acquitted of the murders of some individuals, including Tomas Ordonez, Lastor Mejia, Manuel Panachaj Lastor, Perez Calel, Miguel Calel, and Manuel Tinguar, as the prosecution did not sufficiently prove the facts. However, the court sentenced Noriega Estrada to 30 years in prison for each assassination for six people, totaling 180 years in prison. For the crime of homicide, he was sentenced to 20 years in prison per person he killed, totaling 40 years. However, pursuant to Article 69 of the Criminal Code, the court imposed a maximum sentence of 30 years in prison without the possibility of parole for the murders of Sebastian Tzoc Ordonez, Tomas Perez Saquic (in absolute concurrence of crimes), Sebastian Tiriquiz Sicaj, Pablo Calel Aj, Enrique Hernandez Tebalan, Manuel Quino, and Sebastian Aj Panjoj. On appeal, the Ninth Chamber of the Court of Appeals, in a ruling dated February 15, 2000, denied the appeal filed by Noriega Estrada, thus confirming the sentence. On appeal from that decision, the Supreme Court of Justice of Guatemala, Criminal Chamber, through a ruling dated August 7, 2000, also confirmed Noriega Estrada's conviction.
Tipo de delitos: Asesinato, Secuestro, Violación, Robo Agravado, Hurto Agravado, Incendio, Amenazas, Daño, Detenciones Ilegales, Lesiones Leves y Allanamiento
Acusados: Cándido Noriega Estrada
Lugar de origen: Guatemala
Fecha de la Decisión: 12 de noviembre de 1999
Cándido Noriega Estrada fue acusado de cometer múltiples delitos contra una gran cantidad de personas en la población de Quiché entre los años 1981 y 1983, cuando era comisionado militar y formaba parte de las autodefensas civiles de Guatemala. Los delitos incluyeron asesinato, secuestro, violaciones sexuales, robo agravado, hurto agravado, incendio, amenazas, daño, detenciones ilegales, lesiones leves y allanamiento. Al acusado se le imputaron hechos cometidos en compañía del ejército y de las patrullas de autodefensa, con las cuales realizaba operativos de allanamiento de casas y comunidades, llegando con el pretexto de buscar armas o acusando a individuos de nexos guerrilleros, y torturándolos, golpeándolos hasta la muerte, mutilándolos, entre otras acciones aberrantes. Entre las pruebas aceptadas por el tribunal se encuentran el reconocimiento judicial con reconstrucción de hechos, exhumación y excavación de restos de las víctimas, y pruebas testimoniales. El tribunal consideró que no fue un impedimento para acreditar la existencia del delito el hecho de que no se pudo establecer la fecha exacta de la muerte de las víctimas, dado que entendió la incidencia del tiempo transcurrido (18 años) y la idiosincrasia de las personas campesinas, quienes tienen una visión distinta del tiempo y las fechas en comparación con la cultura occidental. El tribunal desacreditó las teorías de la defensa, que argumentó que todo se debía a una disputa por tierras adquiridas por el acusado, encontrándolas infundadas y contradictorias. El tribunal sobreseyó por prescripción de la responsabilidad penal del acusado de los delitos de lesiones leves, allanamiento, amenazas, hurto agravado, daño y detenciones ilegales, absolvió a Noriega Estrada de los delitos de violación, incendio, secuestro, robo agravado. También lo absolvió del asesinato de algunas personas, entre ellas Tomás Ordóñez, Lastor Mejía, Manuel Panachaj Lastor, Perez Calel, Miguel Calel y Manuel Tinguar, ya que la fiscalía no probó los hechos con suficiencia. Sin embargo, el tribunal condenó a Noriega Estrada a 30 años de prisión por cada delito de asesinato, condenándolo a un total de 180 años de prisión, por el delito de homicidio lo condenó a 20 años de prisión haciendo un total de 40 años, pero en aplicación del artículo 69 del Código Penal la pena efectiva impuesta fue de 30 años de prisión por los asesinatos de Sebastián Tzoc Ordóñez, Tomás Pérez Saquic (en concurso real de delitos), Sebastián Tiriquiz Sicaj, Pablo Calel Aj, Enrique Hernández Tebalan, Manuel Quino y Sebastián Aj Panjoj. En apelación, la Sala Novena de la Corte de Apelaciones, en sentencia de 15 de febrero de 2000, declaró improcedente el Recurso de Apelación Especial interpuesto por Noriega Estrada por motivos de forma y motivos absolutos de anulación formal, confirmando así la sentencia. En recurso de casación, la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Guatemala, Cámara Penal, a través de sentencia de 7 de agosto de 2000, confirmó la condena a Noriega Estrada.
Collection
Part of Guatemala Atrocity Sentences
“The Guatemala Atrocity Trials” documents the ground-breaking atrocity trials that occurred in Guatemala’s domestic courts after that country’s thirty-six-year armed conflict (1960-1996). The court records in this archive were collected by Temple Law Professor Rachel López, formerly a fellow of Princeton’s Program in Law and Public Policy, curated by Princeton Librarian David Hollander, and summarized by Guatemalan human rights attorney Astrid Escobedo. We hope that this collection will be an important resource not only to researchers, but also to the Guatemalan people, providing access to historical documents that otherwise would remain hidden away from public view, and if not preserved, gradually vanishing.
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Metadata

Language
Spanish
Geographic Origin
Guatemala
Geographic Subject
Guatemala
Subject
Politics and government
Courts
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